Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury - 1501 Words

The book that I read for my IRP and will reviewing is Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury. This book was published by Ballantine Publishing group books in october 1953. Ray Bradbury felt that this 179 page book is a masterpiece.and knew this book would become popular. Fahrenheit 451 is a book in the future were the government outlaws books and history is not taught. The main character is Guy Montag he is a fireman, but in his world fireman are different from what they are today. Fireman start fires instead of stopping them. Ordered by the government firemen burn any books they to erase any trace of history. People in society stay inside and watch television where the government keeps them up on the present. Citizens also drive very fast, and listen to seashell radio that are sets attached to their ears. The book starts about Montag coming home from work when he meets his teenage neighbor Clarisse McClellan. The two talk and Clarisse says that she is from a weird family that talk to each other and hang out with each other. She begins to ask questions on how is life is. This Intrested Montag because she different and this makes him attracted to her style. After the meeting Montag starts to question himself on his happiness. After the meeting he goes home and finds that his wife Mildred had overdosed on pills so he calls the hospital. They arrive and use a machine (Montag calls the snake) to pump new blood in her to replace the poisoned blood. While this is happening Montag stepsShow MoreRelatedFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury719 Words   |  3 PagesThe flash point of paper, or the temperature at which paper will burst in flames, is 451 degrees Fahrenheit. In Fahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury, the main character, Guy Montag, is a â€Å"fireman† in a futuristic society where he and his coworkers start fires, rather than put them out. Books are banned and burned, along with the owner of the book’s house and sometimes even the owner of the book, upon discovery. Technology has taken over in a sense that social interaction between the average personRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1952 Words   |  8 Pagesis clearly displayed in the plight of Ray Bradbury’s novel about a dystopian American society, Fahrenheit 451, which contains many ideas and bits of content that some people believed should be censored. In fact, one of the reasons that this novel was censored for displaying the dangers of censorship, which is both extremely ironic, and telling as to where this society is going. Thanks to several distributors and oversensitive parents and teachers, Fahrenheit 451 has been banned in many schools overRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury954 Words   |  4 Pages In Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the author uses allegory (often misinterpreted by readers) to show the dangers of mass media consumption and the decline of reading traditional media. Many readers draw incorrect conclusions (lessons learned) from the book due to how generally the book applies its theme. Government censorship, though an important topic, is not the intended focus of the novel Fahrenheit 451. Finally, Bradbury’s original message of the book shows the beauty of traditional media andRead MoreFahr enheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1592 Words   |  7 PagesWhen writing the introduction to Fahrenheit 451, author Neil Gaiman stated that â€Å"ideas--written ideas--are special. They are the way we transmit our stories and our thoughts from one generation to the next. If we lose them, we lose our shared history†. Gaiman is absolutely correct; especially because what he is saying heavily applies to books. Books are a critical aspect in shaping humanity as a whole, they create and share a network of creative ideas, history, and overall entertainment; to loseRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury918 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Fahrenheit 451,† written by Ray Bradbury, is a futuristic, dystopian novel based upon a society secluded by technology and ignorance. In this future society, books are outlawed and firemen are presented with the task of burning books that are found in people’s homes. Montag, a fireman, finds himself intrigued with the books, and begins to take t hem home and read them. As the story progresses, Montag learns the truth behind why books are outlawed and flees his city to join the last remnants of age-oldRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury847 Words   |  4 PagesSet Knowledge On Fire The book Fahrenheit 451 is a postmodern work by Ray Bradbury first published in 1951. In Bradbury’s story, all books are illegal and are subject to be burned by firemen. Furthermore, the two predominant themes of Fahrenheit 451 are censorship and ignorance. The censorship implemented over the years removes all information from society that is necessary to learn, which accomplishes to prevent people from questioning anything. The ignorance of society has been fostered and theRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1661 Words   |  7 Pages1.) In the novel, Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, Montag’s view on life reverses. Two characters the influence the main character Guy Montag are the old lady whose house and books were burnt down and Mildred. The old lady was caught preserving books in her home. Firemen including Montag were ordered to burn the books. The old lady refused to leave her books, so she too was burned. She bravely gave an allusion as her last words, â€Å"Play the man,’ she said, ‘Master Ridley.’ Something, somethingRead MoreFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury818 Words   |  4 PagesFAHRENHEIT 451 BY RAY BRADBURY Important People in Montag’s Life In Partical Fulfillment Of English 2 Ms Irina Abramov By Helen Hernandez November 9, 2012 â€Å"There are worse crimes than burning books. One of them is not reading them† -Ray Bradbury. In the past there were events that affected book writers. People will get together to burn books because they thought it was inappropriate or they were against their literature. Montag is a fireman in a futuristic society who would startRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury863 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel, Fahrenheit 451 was written by Ray Bradbury and it took place in the dystopian future. Throughout each novel, we are able to see a major theme, which is censorship. In this essay, I will explain how this theme are explored in the story by using the literary devices. To begin with, in this novel, censorship is not given a straight description, but we can see how the author shows it through many literary elements, such as using the setting, tone and symbolisms even foreshadowing. This novelRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1544 Words   |  7 PagesRay Bradbury, the author of Fahrenheit 451, expresses his perspective on life in an interview. His interview contains a common theme: Do what you love, and love what you do (Bradbury). Bradbury sends a message in his interview that people should love life, and live to the fullest because he believes life is a beautiful thing. Although Bradbury no longer can demonstrate his love for life his message still lives in the pages of Fahrenheit 451. The Government of the society in the novel has told their

Special Education And The Benefits Of Technology - 1639 Words

Special Education and the Benefits of Technology in the Classroom Special Education is a type of instruction designed to help disabled and gifted children use their full learning abilities. Many special needs children work in regular classrooms for most of the school day. These students also work with specially trained teachers for part of each school day. These teachers work with helping them to overcome their disabilities. These sessions are usually held in a classroom called a resource room. A resource classroom is usually equipped with materials such as braille typewriters, special computers and many other useful resources. Since the late 1800’s, technology has changed in many different ways. In the 1800’s it was very difficult for people to communicate with each other. People could only communicate with if they were in person or by mail. The development of the radio began in the 1830’s; and this allowed people to communicate quickly between any two points on land, at sea, and later, in the sky, and in space. In 1895, an Italian inventor sent radio signals more than a mile through the air in the form of telegraph code signals; and in 1901, his equipment transmitted signals all the way from England to Canada. In 1906, Reginald Fessenden was the first scientist to transmit his voice by radio. In the 1920’s, radios could broadcast comedies, adventure dramas, music, and other kinds of radio programming to peoples homes. From radio to television, technology began toShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits of Virtual Technology in Education for Children with Special Needs1310 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 Introduction Education for children with special needs (disabled children) is the field of education that uses virtual reality to overcome the problems and defects in an artificial environment. Special education in Malaysia was started in 1920 by a handful of volunteers involved in the development of the deaf and blind school. There are three statutory bodies involved in the development of special education in Malaysia Ministry of Health, Ministry of National Unity and Development of the CommunityRead More How Can Assistive Technology Benefit Preschool Special Education Students?1387 Words   |  6 PagesHow Can Assistive Technology Benefit Preschool Special Education Students? The inclusion of special needs children with typically developing peers has become a key service option in preschool special education classrooms (Odom, 2000). Benefits abound, yet inclusion does not present without challenges. Young children with disabilities find it complicated to interact with objects and peers due to obstacles that their disabilities present. A child unable to speak too often goes unheard. StudentsRead MoreTechnology And High Tech Technology1197 Words   |  5 Pages Technology has played an integral role in our everyday life. It can increase efficiency at work, improve the quality of life, and serves as a helpful tool that allows us to accomplish many tasks that we might not be able to otherwise. It has found its way into nearly everyone’s home in various forms such as: a computer, medical equipment, and security system. Some people might even go as far as claiming that they cannot live without it. When parents hear of â€Å"technology† in the cl assroom, they immediatelyRead MoreTechnology And The Classroom Is Extremely Beneficial For Students For A Vast Number Of Reasons961 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology use in the classroom is extremely beneficial for students for a vast number of reasons. Although schools are currently utilizing various forms of technology in education, these technologies are not necessarily supported by the community due to insufficient information detailing the benefits they provide in a child’s development. However, by embracing the digital world and ensuring that the technologies being implemented are engaging and fulfil individual educational requirements, studentsRead MoreAssistive Technology Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pagespresent society places technology on a high pedestal. This pedestal contains all of the hi-tech, yet sophisticated gadgets, gizmos, and all of the other novel items that are inundating our households. Items such as computers and cell phones enable us to communicate via e-mail, text message, and video (Stodden, Roberts, Picklesimer, Jackson Chang, 2006). Innovative items may be taken for granted but if we understand their significance and how they help us live in a technology driven and dependentRead MoreTeacher Training Of Assistive Instructional Technology939 Words   |  4 PagesTeacher training in assistive instructional technology (AIT) has been a topic of discussion that has heightened with the drive for differentiated instruction. Although, research has been extensively conducted on pre-service training, not much research has indicated the success of teacher training in assistive instructional technology for in-service experienced teachers (Edyburn, 2014). In an attempt to advance the science in the field of leadership and educational administration in relationship toRead MoreHealthcare Educational Resources Paper week 4812 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿1. Identify the assistive technologies available to special needs populations in Illino is? 2. What types of assistive technologies are available? 3. What healthcare educational resources are available to special needs populations? 4. Does Illinois provide a comprehensive database of services and technologies available? 5. How do special needs populations’ access services in Illinois? 6. What additional assistive technology is available that is not currently used in Illinois? What are the challengesRead MoreSpecial Education Curriculum For Students With Disabilities837 Words   |  4 Pagesabout when we say â€Å"special education curriculum†? At first I was a little confused about this question. I was thinking about special education curriculum in the terms of an adaptive curriculum. After reading the articles form this module and locating my own article, â€Å"special education curriculum† refers to what educators are doing to make the general education curriculum accessible to students with disabilities. Although there have been many changes related to the education of students with disabilitiesRead MoreMajor Issues Of Special Education1683 Words   |  7 Pages Major Issues in Special Education The Special Education system is widely known throughout the United States as a helpful resource for people with learning disabilities. It is made so that all children have equal access to educational services that help them to be successful in the classroom. We have come a long way from 1975, when Special Education became mandatory due to United States Congress passing the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) which was a result of the discriminatoryRead MoreNational Center For Learning Disabilities1217 Words   |  5 Pagesimplemented. What are your thoughts on these two pieces of legislation? I have confused and mixed feelings. Everything has a purpose and a reason. I am hoping if and when this happen is to benefit the students. Students are the ones that will be dealing and adapting themselves to a new curriculum. Special education students need to time, dedication, and help when it comes to adjusting themselves. Hopefully not implementing common core will help st udents achieve higher and teachers will be able to focus

Business Plan The Princeton Organic Restaurant In Australian Market

Question: Describing the nature of the business, the sales and marketing strategy, and the financial background, and containing a projected profit and loss statement? Answer: Executive Summary The organic restaurants business is one of the booming businesses globally. The current project deals with the restaurants business plan and its feasibility study in the Australian market. As the business of organic restaurants business plan which will be known as the Princeton Organic Restaurants. The restaurants will be large scale and located at high street market of the Australia. It will be based on organic food and beverages. With help of ownership structure of business, it has been found that, business will be suing LLC form of ownership style. Apart from that, the restaurant chain business will be needed more than $500000 in order to open the business. With the help of menu and tropical changing season, company will be changing its frequently in order attract the customer base. With the help of pricing strategies model, company will be able to generate large customer base and targeting the middle income group. Porters generic model considers that, the POR chain will be using product differentiation in order to create niche market in long run. Lastly, with the help of budgeted financial statements like profit and loss statement and the balance sheet would help to analyses the potential net return on investment of the ownership along with total expenditure. Are You Daunted by the Thought of Due Assignments? Avail Our Services and Receive Assignment Help from Experts. Company Overview Business Description The report summoned by one of the international health magazines called Australia Natural Health has been reportedly found in their survey that around 40.19% of the population of Australia is willing to go for the organic food rather than general verse of food items while visiting to the restaurants (Bingham Eisenhardt, 2011). The restaurants business plan will given enough scope to the researcher about the entrepreneurial venture and the feasibility study before starting any fork of business. Apart from that study will also give an insight of the knowledge and endurance about the market and different marketing strategies as used by the different competitors like McDonalds and subway to stay in the hunt (Bingham Eisenhardt, 2011). The business will be of partnership form with equal part of sharing. As the owners will be the major shareholder who will be hiring the general manager for hiring nest level of personnel (Marcer, 2012). The LLC ownership structure is combination of the sole proprietorship and partnership as feasibility which will give enough scope to manage the personal asset protection of corporations. Figure 1: Princeton organic Restaurant chain ownership structure (Source: Schnaars, 2010, pp-125) The Product or Service The menu for the Princeton Organic Restaurants would be more of simple and will be tropical changing with every month. Some of the items like Chinese, French snacks items and burgers will be permanent feature in menu in order to maintain the customers general likings (Seshadri, 2009). The menu will have enough scope will be 100% of the menu ordering in order to keep the demand of the consumer in mind. Organic ingredients and feature will add the local flavour which would make the food moir delicious and healthy. Apart from that, company will also serves the salads and fruit in order to keep the reprise the menu extremely hale and hearty (Shaw, 2008). Company History The company is a Limited Liability Company with 2 major owners holding the equal shares which are 50% of each in the franchisee. The ownership structure is very based on the partnership between the parties. The company will have funding from the both the banks and the own capital. The Industry Currently, there has been no fully organic restaurants chain in Australia. This project has huge opportunity to reach the global audiences the increasing demand of the organic food in restaurants is one of the major evidence which has been provided by the Australia organic food association (Jansson, 2011). Countries with large domestic market for organic restaurants opportunities 2013 (million,$) USA 12 Germany 7.20 France 6 UK 5.12 Australia 6.26 Japan 1.85 Italy 0.93 Graph 1: Countries with large domestic market for organic restaurants opportunities (Source: Jeannet Hennessey, 2013, pp-136) From the above, it has been found that, a country whose population is obsessed with organic food is USA in top followed by the UK, Germany and Australia with 6.26 billion industries (Luffman Kenny, 2009). Organic food awareness in Australia is been rising due to the number of rising disease like kidney damage, skin diseases and the arthritic syndrome. It also reduces the fertility within the women which will affects the company by large (Lymbersky, 2009). Competitor Analysis As per the Organic Trade Associations, organic food is combined of the natural food and the embrace the between quality along with ingredients which support the thought of Healthy Living. The word organic is generally associated with the fruits and vegetables but organic term is also presence in the meat, wheat, bread and the milk. In the current state of the restaurants chain industry companies like KFC and McDonalds are using the Fresh in order to create high brand value for their products which they are serving (Drummond, Ensor Ashford, 2012). The restaurants business of Princeton will have those meats and other grocery items organically and free from the antibiotics or genetically modified feed or any other form of drugs. There has been huge demand of the organic food which is well served, freshly made and the as per the taste and preference of the general consumers (Holliday, 2009). The success of an organic restaurants chain is being dependent upon these factors that will help the Princeton to create large chances of achieving their objectives. Industry Trends The organic food industry has been able to generate the nearly more than annual growth of 205 per year which is tremendous growth. The rapid growth of the business has increase the confidence in organic food sector which has been one of the major steps that has lowered the possible health risk and maintain the sustainability with the business (Dobson, 2009). The organic form of food is much more conventional method of producing the food items which includes free of pesticides or any kind of chemical used on the vegetables, fruit, meats or any other grocery products (Doyle Stern, 2006). Competitive Advantage Solid waste generations composition around the Australia, in 2013 Composition Municipal (%) Commercial and industrial Food waste 47% 13% Paper 23% 22% Plastics 4% 6% Glass 7 % 2% Metals 5% 22% Concrete 3% 3% Timber 1% 9% Other 12% 24% Graph 2: Solid waste generations composition due to food items (Source: Dentchev, 2009, pp-428) Now from the above, it has been found that, solid waste management of Australia is been reformed recently because of 1.82 trillion of waste is been throwing as sewerage by the restaurants chain business in all over the Australia (Dentchev, 2009). The restaurants chain business is being doing since 2000, the law of sewerage for the organic food sector sis been lower than other restaurant chain because of it is quickly observed in the landfill. Along with that, POR will be get certified by the USDA, IFOAM and OF (Organic farming) will helps the company to create goodwill and high brand value in the Australian market (Ghoshal, 2009). This organic standard will help the company to prove their point of addressing the environment friendly food and sustainability management for the agriculture. Market Plan An introductory paragraph here. Pricing Strategy Price Figure 2: Pricings strategies used by Princeton Organic Restaurant chain (Source: Mouncey Baker, 2009, pp-419) Princeton Organic Restaurant will be using the penetration pricings which will be focusing on the lower pricing and high quality of food. Although, price of the organic food is been decreasing since the demand of the products is been ridings (Patel, 2011). The organic food farmers have been avoiding pesticides in order to understand the demand of restaurants chain business clients. As the demand of the for the products is been rising by the 23% , this shows that most of restaurants chain opting for the organic food items rather than high pricing on fertilized or hybrid form of food items (Payne Holt, 2008). Some of the other restaurants competitors like Bottega , Quay and Attica organic Restaurants are using high pricing or rather price skimming activities w in order to carter the large customer base of the Australia (Organic Consumers Association, 2015). As per the Health magazines of Australia, it has been found that, organic restaurants chain are using hike in the price of the food items in order to cater only small customer base. Another major competitors like KFC and Subway are also been using the price skimming method to cater the large customer of the Australia. With the rise in the competition in the market, POR will be using penetration pricing in order to large customer base (Ulaga Chacour, 2007). SOUP POR price $ Quay Price $ Main course POR price $ Quay Price $ Wonton Soup 4 4.59 Thai fried rice. Chicken Hakka noodles, rice 18 25 Egg drop Soup 3.54 5 Pill up rice 20 28 Spicy lemon Soup 3.50 4.55 Fish valuate 15 21 Chicken soup 5 5.75 Mexican beans 10 16 Hot and Sour soup 4.75 3 Buffalo burger 9 11 Lemon grass soup 3.29 4.55 Arugula and pear 23 25 Fruits 8.4 Not available Grilled chicken Anini 32 38 Salads 12.90 Not available Pan organic roasted duck 21 28 Crispy duck (straight from the Organic farm) 34 38 Cassoulet (garlic chicken with herb and beans) 22 19 Curry RENDANG Made with coconut milk) 12 Not available The above pricing mentioned but the POR has been offering the same products in different price in compare to the Quay organic restaurants. Apart from that, major items like smoothies and the fruit and salads are missing from menu of the Quay. The low pricing offering and high quality helps bushiness to boom in the Australian soil (Sirdeshmukh Singh Sabol, 2008). As the Australia economy is bee suffering from the rise in inflation with 2.87% in 2014 is one of the evident that helps to proves that customers are not willing to pay high amount to dine out or purchase the products. Market Research The marketing strategies for the Princeton Organic Restaurants chain is been Products Company will have standard formant of menu which will attract the customers and the creates different approach form the other major restaurants chain like Bottega Restaurants , Quay, Attica and Marquee along with other junk food retail chain like Subway, McDonalds and the KFC in order create niche market (Glowik Smyczek, 2011). POR menu platter consist of various tropical food and vegetables items along with multi cuisine items that would consist of the delicacies from the across the globe which would made out of organic food ingredients and more than 69.01% healthier than other contemporary in the market (Greene, 2015). SOUP Appetizers Main course Wonton Soup Egg roll (with organic egg and flour) Thai fried rice . Chicken Hakka noodles, rice Egg drop Soup Vegetarian spring roll Pill up rice Spicy lemon Soup French fries Fish valute Chicken soup Italian heart bread with Filled organic tofu Mexican beans Hot and Sour soup Shrimp Buffalo burger Lemon grass soup Chicken streak Arugula and pear Burgers (veg and non veg) Grilled chicken Anini Crispy pork flautas Pan organic roasted duck Burrito Tijuana Crispy duck (straight from the Organic farm) Sushi Cassoulet (garlic chicken with herb and beans) American chopsey Curry RENDANG Made with coconut milk) Dessert Drinks Orange Sherbet Soft drinks Mango and sticky rice Margarita Crispy bananas Fresh lime soda (homemade limeade) Coconut pudding Juice Choc lava Mock tail Lychee Ice cream with hot chocolate Tropic fizz (Smoothies) These are some of the major items which will include in the menu of the POR. The products will have be varied from as per the tropical changing if Australia (Hart Ellis-Chadwick, 2000). As the organic food restaurants, the company will be looking to invent new form of organic food and desert items to attract the general audience of the Australia. Ethnic ingredients and recipes: In order to maintain the enthusiasm of the Australian , local food items like hot dog and burger with pizzas are being also been kept for daily features. Apart from that, Aussie creamy fish is one of the most prominent dishes in Australia which is feature in the menu everyday menu. Besides that the menu also is looking to go with local delicacies like Australian coleslaw, Australian meat pie and Pavlov (Jones Hayes, 2008). Figure 2: PLC curve for the products and services sold by the POR (Source: Marinova Singh, 2008, pp-29) From the above , it has been found that, PLC curve restaurants business is totally dependent upon the changing frequency in the recipes. The recopies of the restaurants shows that company is very much associated with those business which will boom the industry. One of the items known as the fish Valuate is needed to change as per the changing times (Matsuda Hirano, 2007). The fish valuate will have various phases. Lastly, would be declines phase when the chef will be innovate the items with fish valuate with cheese. The Australian are very much foodie in nature. Aussie are being known for boiled and the backed food more than the fried or the oily (Mohammed Rashid, 2012). Most of the food items in Australia are made in the olive oil or soya oil which will be one of the major findings during the show master chef Australia. The Australian ethnic items like Spicy hassle back potato, yummy back potato with cheese and Zucchini bites. The changing food and menu will one of the top priorities while catering the locales and international audience of Australia. Category 2011 ($, m) 2012 ($, m) 2013 ($, m) Organic food 23,902 26,801 31,891 Growth 15.7% 5.1% 7.7% Total food 659,012 721,556 724,321 Growth 4.9% 1.6% 0.6% Total 3.6% 3.7% 4% Operations Plan Business plan is guide to reach the business objectives for the entrepreneur. Business plan gives opportunities to reach the new age entrepreneur to take step to grow and lead the path of the prosperity. The chosen business here is restaurant chain which will be known as the Princeton organic restaurants (Analoui Karami, 2009). Organic restaurants business chain is one of the booming industries and is very much attracting the general population of Australia. The organic restaurants chain business is been currently having more than 1.80 billion industry. As the general population of austral are very much wanted to be associates themselves with habit of healthy eating (Biggadike, 2010). Production Facilities In order to operate in the Australia environment, POR should have to obtain the license. The licenses will give the POR too permit to work on the Australian solid with all the laws and the regulations of the city, country and state (Bingham Eisenhardt, 2011). One of the major licensing would be obtain by the POR is certificate of occupancy. The certificate of occupancy will issue certificate that will allow opening the doors for the business. The certification of will only issued after the POR have passed the final inspections. Apart from that, other license would be employee identifications number (EIN), this is tax ID registered for all business in Australia. It can be register online too. Besides that, Flammable materials permits, since the business is of restaurants, the POR will be using flammable materials like gas and fire for which permit is needed to be taken from the fire departments (Chesbrough, 2009). The permit will be helpful to get rid of any of the further complication for the restaurants chain business. Another major licensing are give below: License Registrations Legal name At the local business and state bureaus of registrations . The registration comprise of articles of association and memorandum of associations. Retail sales National business license information office which present in all over the state of the Australia Sign permit Australian business license and information service would give the permits to sign (Cool Schendel, 2010) Music license Environment protection authority permission is needed for the granted for the music in restaurants which is will based on the place and the location along with guidelines Sewerage permits ABLIS based on the environment and heritage, 2006 reformed law will be followed to get the permissions (Collis, 2010). Geographic Location Segmentation bases Target customers segment of Fast food industry Geographic Region includes NSW, Northern territory, western Australia and Queens land Density Rural and Urban (24 million) Age All age category Gender Male, females and others Income High ,Low and middle income groups Occupation Employees and professionals Demographic Social status Working class, middle class and higher class Family size Single, nuclear, joint family Psychographic Lifestyle Traditional and moderns Occasions Regular and other Festive seasons Behavioural Benefits Price advantages and diversify products under one roof. Occasions Parties, Birthdays, anniversary and festive season along with normal days Control Systems Porters generic model Figure 3: Porters generic model for the POR (Source: Shoming, 2007, pp-20) Porters generic model will help analyze that, POR is looking for the product differentiation focus rather than achieving cost leadership (Reid Hinkley, 2006). Product differentiation needs change in innovation in recopies in order to attract the customers. Most of the multi cuisine restaurants is being looking to achieve the cost leadership in the market in order to increase their brand value. However, POR are looking to product differentiation by innovating the recipes like Potato grilled with stiffed cheese and onion filler when its sales is been decreasing (Rangaswamy Burke and Oliva, 2008). With the help of given PLC curve , it has been found that, every recipes will have and ending , chef need to invent and change recipes pattern to keep attracting the customer base. In order to product differentiation focus, POR will have to spend more in the RD in order to achieve the large customer base of the Australia (Preble Hoffman, 2009). Princeton Organic restaurants chain would be opened all over the Australia that includes NSW, Northern territory, Western Australia and Queens land. In order to do so, company will have to choose the technology called Sap which helps the business to manage centralized (Payne Holt, 2008). The centralization needs the technology to keep the track and monitoring of the restaurants along with consumer taste and preference. POR will be locating its business in various high street market of Australian region in order to maintain the high brand value. The one restaurants in each territory will be enough to capture the large market base initially (Patel, 2011). Promotions Australia organic restaurants supplies by farmers 2010 Fruits and vegetables 39.7% Dairy products 14.6% Beverages 13.9% Breads and grains 12.4% Spices 4.6% Non hybrid egg and meat 11.1% Graph 3: Australia organic restaurants supplies by farmers (Source: Mouncey Baker, 2009, pp-419) Promotional strategies Expenditure (%) Social media (Face book, Twitter, and YouTube) 58.01% TV 32.02% Websites 28% Mobile app 21.03% Magazines and Newspapers 14.11% Offers, free discounts coupons 9.07% Graph 4: Promotional strategies (Source: Mohammed Rashid, 2012, pp-222) Social media : With the of sharp rise in the internet users , most of the companies are looking to promote their products in the in social media platform like FCE book and Twitter fan page in order to gain the popularity and high brand value (Matsuda Hirano, 2007). POR will be showing various diseases cause by eating the fertilized food and benefits of eating organic food which will attract the customers. Social media plat form will be one of the major place for the advertising the products and services by the companies. Online selling: Since 2005, intent users are being rise from 26% to 57% in Australia ahs been one of the reason for the online restaurants chain opening. POR will be also using be creating websites to sell online table reservation and the online selling of the delicacies (Marinova Singh, 2008). Mobile app: With rise in the technology, POR chain will also be inventing the mobile aaps in order to easily citation for the venue and table reservation for the customers in the restaurants. This will helps the customer take the liberty of using the mobile apps in order to reach the larger audience via using the mobile apps (Joshi, 2009). Mobile app will enhance the company to build their brand and creates niche market for themselves when it comes to reaching the larger audience. The rest promotional strategies are being general which is been used since inceptions by the companies. Television is being strong media to attract the customer base or influence the customers (Hart Ellis-Chadwick, 2000). Since TV watcher is Australian has been rise from the 2.01 billion as per the TVR rating, this proves it is one of the strong medium of managing the large customer base. Other major promoting actives are offers and discounts. With the offer and discounts company will attract the customers. Offers and discount coupons on festive season and other tropical season would attract the customers to visits the restaurants. There has been ample evidence which shows that, customers are being attracted by the promotional coupon which given them satisfaction of low price. Age group for POR Targeting (%) Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 13-25 10.11% 30426 31643 35594 25-40 41.1% 61,583 64046 72043 Above 40 48.1% 26775 27685 30605 Total 99.31% 118784 123, 374 138,242 Income group per month of Snacks food customers (Europe , UK and USA) Market shares (%) $5000-$10,000 34.01% $10,000-$20,000 28.09% $20,000-$35000 31.03% $35000-$40,0000 19.1% $40,000-$50,000 11.08% Above 50,000 Financial Plan It has been found that, both the partners will be investing 80000 each in order to on the business . The rest of $345000 is been arranged by the debt financing. Debt financing is one of the prominent ways of financing the business (Erevelles, 2008). However, with large interest rates make it more riskier and dangerous. Apart from that, next options will be equity financing which has been which will not be easily available for the business because of new entrepreneur. It is less risky than the debt but company has to share with profit with the general share holders (Darke Ashworth Ritchie, 2008). Figure 6: Source of fund for the implementation of TQM (Source: Gruca Rego, 2009, pp-115) Start-up Costs Start up funding Amount $ Start up expenditure 266,207 Start up asset to fund 238, 793 Total funding required 505000 Asset Fixed asset Non cash asset 151,507 Cash required 87,286 Cash balance 87286 Total asset 238286 Liabilities Debt 345000 Total liabilities 345000 Capital Partners (Two partners 80, 000 each) 160, 000 Loss on start up expenses 266,207 Total capital (106,207) Total funding 505,000 Profitability Particulars 2014 2015 2016 Sales 677297 717,935 761011 Direct cost 135,461 143590 152,206 Total cost of sales 135461 143590 152,206 Gross profit 541836 574345 608,805 Cash Reserves Particulars 2014 2015 2016 Current asset Cash 338,332 575,990 831,592 Inventory 6044 6407 6791 Bank 41,775 41775 41775 Total 386,201 624,171 880,159 Long term asset 99732 99732 99372 Depreciations 30000 30000 30000 Total asset 455933 663,903 889,891 Liabilities Current liabilities Accounts payables 26,338 26725 28071 Total current liabilities 26338 26725 28071 Debt 322424 296092 267855 Total liabilities 348762 322817 295926 Paid in capital 160000 160000 160000 Retained earnings (266,207) (52,829) (181,086) Earnings 213,378 233,915 252,878 Total capital 107,171 341,086 593,964 Total liabilities and capital 455,933 663903 889,891 Net worth 107,171 341,086 593,964 Projected Income Particulars 2014 2015 2016 Sales 677297 717,935 761011 Direct cost 135,461 143590 152,206 Total cost of sales 135461 143590 152,206 Gross profit 541836 574345 608,805 Expenditure Marketing 3000 4000 5000 Depreciations 30000 30000 30000 Rent 50904 50904 52431 Equipment Total operating expenses 213,642 218,532 227,813 PBT 328194 355,813 380,992 EBIT 358194 385813 410,092 interest 23376 21648 19738 Tax 91448 100,249 108376 Net profit 213,378 233,195 252878 Critical Risks and Assumptions Profitability worth of double the investment which is more than half million after second year. Presence of high quality with top notch menu service along with standard menu. Value pricing for the food or the service served by the restaurants (Hoskisson, 2009). Enhance the goodwill as being the best healthy food server within the Australian market. Promote the organic food to create niche market in the restaurants industry. Conclusion From the above study, it has been found that entering in to the restaurants chain marketing Australia is very tough because of the huge competitions among the companies. However, one of the major areas which is still had not been tapped is organic food section which has been rapidly since 2005. The demand of the organic food is been increasing. The business plan for the new restaurants is been known as the Princeton Organic restaurants. There has been ample evidence show that, before opening of business market feasibility, financial feasibility and the personnel feasibility must be done. Australia is one of the growing market of organic food with demand is being risen up by 41%. Apart from that, POR will be using the penetration pricing sin order to stay in the competition in the market. Apart from that company has chosen the target customer base worth of $5000. Lastly, financial planning budget has been helpful to understand the restaurants business been able to gain the profitabili ty. Appendices Appendix A: Key Personnel Details Particulars 2014 2015 2016 Wages 126738 129,228 136,982 Total people 7 9 14 Total payroll 126738 129,228 136,982 Reference list Books Analoui, F. Karami, A. (2009) Strategic management in small and medium enterprises - Page 74, London: Thomson learning Dess, G. Lumpkin, G. (2009) Strategic Management: Creating Competitive Advantages. 6th ed. London: McGraw-Hill Education. Dobson, P. (2009) Strategic Management: Issues and Cases. 6th ed. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons Inc. Doyle, P., Stern, P., (2006). 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(2010) 'Performance differences among strategic group members', Strategic Management Journal, 9(3) , pp. 207-223. Dentchev, N. (2009) Corporate Social Performance as a Business Strategy, Journal of Business Ethics, 55(4), pg. 397 412, Ghoshal, S. (2009) Global strategy: An organising framework. Strategic Management Journal, 8, 425-440. Glowik, M. Smyczek, S. (2011) International Marketing Management: Strategies, Concepts and Cases in Europe, Page 301, 4th ed. New York: Physica-Verlag. Lee, G. K. (2009) Relevance of organizational capabilities and its dynamics: What to learn from entrants product portfolios about the determinants of entry timing? Strategic Management Journal, 29, 12571280 Levinthal, D. A. Ethiraj, S. K. (2009) Hoping for A to Z while rewarding only A: Complex organizations and multiple goals. Organization Science, 20 (1), 4-21. Dant, S. P. (2009) Ownership Structure in Franchising: The Effect of Transaction Cost, Production Costs and Strategic Considerations, The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research 6(1): 5375. Darke, P. R., Ashworth, L. Ritchie, R. J. B. (2008) Damage from corrective advertising: Causes and cures. Journal of Marketing, 72(6), 8197. Erevelles, S. (2008) Advertising Strategy in China: An Analysis of Cultural And Regulatory Factors, Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 15(1), 91-123. Farahmand, N. F. ((2011) Organizational marketing planning by management educated managers, African Journal of Marketing Management 3(8), pp. 178-187 Gruca, T. S. Rego, L. L. (2009) Customer Satisfaction, Cash Flow and Shareholder Value, Journal of Marketing, 69 (July), 11530 Hart, C. Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2000) Retailer Adoption of the Internet: Implications for Retail Marketing, European Journal of Marketing, Vol34, No. 8 pp. 954-974. Jones, R. M. Hayes, S. G. (2008) The UK clothing industry: Extinction or evolution? Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 8 (3), 262-278. Joshi, A. W. (2009) Continuous supplier performance improvement: Effects of collaborative communication and control. Journal of Marketing, 73(1), 133150. Marinova, D. Singh, J. (2008) Do Frontline Mechanisms Matter? Impact of Quality and Productivity Orientations on Unit Revenue, Efficiency, and Customer Satisfaction, Journal of Marketing, 72, 2845. Matsuda, T. Hirano, M. (2007) A perspective of planning literature, European Journal of Operational Planning, 12(2), 138-45 Mohammed, A. A. Rashid, R. (2012) Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in Hotel Industry: A framework Proposal on the Relationship among CRM Dimensions, Marketing Capabilities and Hotel Performance. International Review of Management and Marketing, 2(4), 220-230 Mouncey, P. Baker, S. (2009) The market researcher's manifesto. International Journal of Market Research, 45 (4), 415433. Patel, P.C. (2011) Role of manufacturing exibility in managing duality of formalization and environmental uncertainty in emerging firms. Journal of Operations Management, 29 (12), 143162. Payne, A., Holt, S., (2008) Diagnosing Customer Value: Integrating the Value Process and Relationship Marketing. British Journal of Management, 12 (2), pp 159 - 182. Preble, J. F. Hoffman, R. C. (2009) Competitive Advantage through Specialty Franchising, Journal of Consumer Marketing 15(1): 6477. Rangaswamy, A., Burke, R. R. and Oliva, T. A. (2008) Brand equity and the extendibility of brand names. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 10, 1, pp. 6175 Reid, D. M. L. C. Hinkley (2006) Strategic Planning: The Cultural Impact, Marketing Intelligence Planning, 7 (11/12), 4 - 12. Shoming, Z. (2007) Marketing Strategy-Performance Relationship: An Investigation of the Empirical Link in Export Market Ventures. Journal of Marketing, 58, 1-21 Sirdeshmukh, D., Singh, J. Sabol, B. (2008) Consumer trust, value, and loyalty in relational exchanges. Journal of Marketing, 66, 1537. Ulaga, W. Chacour, S. (2007), Measuring customer-perceived value in business markets: a prerequisite for marketing strategy development and implementation, Industrial Marketing Management, 30(6), pp. 525 - 540. Websites Greene, C. (2015). USDA ERS - Organic Agriculture: Organic Market Overview. Ers.usda.gov. Retrieved 27 January 2015, from https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/natural-resources-environment/organic-agriculture/organic-market-overview.aspx Organic Consumers Association,. (2015). Demand for Organic Food Growing Faster than Domestic Supply. Retrieved 27 January 2015, from https://www.organicconsumers.org/news/demand-organic-food-growing-faster-domestic-supply

Fashion swot analyse marketing mix free essay sample

SWOT Analysis Name Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Canifa Available price for most of the population in Hanoi Availability products for almost all major categories of consumers (oriented for families) Large categories of elections in color. Good location Untrendy products Monotonous types of products Focus only on one market (Hanoi-VietNam) Untrained personnel/staff uncomfortable parking introduce more trendy fashionable products Diversify more categorie of products Spread into different types of market Improve staff’s skill Improve parking places Cheap Chinese goods from individual entrepreneurs another vietnams products brand Saturated market Kilomet 109 Good Quality Good materials Good designtrendy products Care about details Reasonable price for middle categories Advertising through celebrity magazines Good location 80% imported materials specific products for certain circles of consumers limited colours pallette Not strong Advertising Find out more good matierial inside country Spread categories of customers Add more colours palette Improve advertisment. Tailoring stuffs another vietnams designer brand Saturated market. We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion swot analyse marketing mix or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Zara Strong branding Trendy/fashionable products Good Quality Good materials Comfortable parking Good location Imported products specific products for high end level consumers Find a way to enter advertising products among Vietnam’s Elite consumers. Copyright disruption Another high level market brands Saturated market. Stradivarius Good Quality Good materials Good designtrendy products Care about details Reasonable price for middle categories Advertising through celebrity magazines Good location Imported products Spread into different types of market Copyright disruption Another high level market brands Saturated market. My Brand – Galeru Trendy products Variety types of products Product availability for different level market. Trained personnel/staff Comfortable parkingevery details in shop Organic materials within country Strong advertising Variety colours pallette Cost might be too high for Viet Nam’s market. Specific for certain type of consumers Find a way to enter advertising products among Vietnam’s Elite consumers. Develop strong advertisment Another high level market brands another vietnams products brand Copyright disruption Saturated market Marketing Mix Chart 5 Ps+C 5Ws+H PEOPLE WHO Glamorous wild attitude, young (18-25 year old), arty, love for colour, willing for adventures/experience/creative. PRODUCT WHAT Creative/fashionable/unusuall women’t products PLACE WHERE Online, market mall stores in centre of city PRICE HOW MUCH High street price PROMOTION HOW/WHEN Poster with promotion photoshoot on street/bus station/high building Advertisment fashion video on MTV, fashion TV, youtube Appearance on well know high level fashion magazine like ELLE, Bazzar , Cosmopolitan, Dazed, Pony Tail in a very creative performance Advertisment in poster inside market mall stores- in centre of city Advertisement through celebrity like – Lady Gaga COMPETITION Topshop Zara Bershka Stradivarius WHY Kenzo is a High brand with really interesting creative design for street wear which’ll be a threat for my brand USP My new brand â€Å"Galeru† which mean a mythology figure from Aboriginal myth –also called rainbow serprent- snake that symbolized the continuation of life on Earth. And so by this i want to say that life’ll continue only when we still have colours around us. Products’ll be very interesting creative product. We’ll not have anything boring in our shop because life is not boring either. The way we dressed show our attitutude toward life. Our customer buying our products are people that really love and like to use colors in their apperance. Their are optimistic people with artistic character. They buy smth cause it’s a really interesting things, to improve their mood. So the most important thing about our product that discerns us from our competitor is COLORS CREATIVE!!! Life is a wonderful place so just enjoy it!! Life is Colourful Strapline Which mean that life is soo wonderfull with all kind of color on it. So why not use them to improve our mood. So just enjoy it, don’t be boring and get carried away with just dark colour, let’s be colourful!! â€Å"Paint Point† or â€Å"Perfomance gap† Viet Nam’s market Fashionable-trendy designed clothes Viet Nam’s material with international quality Good branding

Chemistrt Lab Report Sample

Chemistrt Lab Report Paper The determination of water hardness is a useful est.. That provides a measure of the quality of water for household and industrial uses. Hard water has no obvious health effects, but these ions form insoluble compounds with soap. Results are unsightly scum on clothing and so-called bath-tub ring. Water hardness is important to industry because hard water, upon being heated, precipitates Cacao, which then clogs boilers and pipes. It results in the equipment malfunction or damage and expensive cleaning. Elimination of water hardness is referred to as water softening. Hardness due to bicarbonate (HOCK-) can be eliminated by boiling, to expel CO. Thus, carbonate hardness is classified as temporary hardness. Hardness arising due to the presence of Ca+, MGM+, Fee+, and SASS-, cannot be eliminated in the same way as temporary hardness. Water containing these ions is said to be permanently hard. Permanent hardness is usually determined by titration with a standard solution of ethylene damming attracted acid, EDIT. EDIT is a aligned that has more than one point of attachment and complexes most metal ions in aqueous solution. It is weak acid that loses protons. They react in 1:1 ratio, so the titration reach the end point when all the metal ions reacted. Ricochet Black-T (Erie-T) indicator will be used, since both DE TA and Ca+2 colorless. This is a molecule that has a color change from pink, corresponding to Ca -calico complex, to blue corresponding to uncompleted indicator. Methods A 50 ml burette was rinsed with few ml of EDIT solution, and filled with prepared EDIT solution. We will write a custom essay sample on Chemistrt Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Chemistrt Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Chemistrt Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Then 25 ml of distilled water and 5 ml of the pH 10 buffer were added to 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask. 5 drops of indicator and 15 drops 0. 03 M Magic were added to the flask step by step. Color changes were recorded. The solution was titrated against EDIT to determine a blank. Then sample of water was analyzed for its hardness. Above procedure was repeated using sample water instead of distilled water. Results We could determine blank titrating prepared solution against 1. 5 ml of EDIT solution. Throughout titration color changed from red wine to blue. However experiment part determining hardness of sample water failed, no end point was determined. We used up to 100 ml of EDIT solution for titration and no effect, while only few drops should be enough. Discussion could not find actual reason of failing this lab. There should be no problem with indicator or other part of the practical, since we got reliable results with the blank elution. The problem may be in the heating part of preparation of unknowns, which was prepared by instructor or TASK. We heat the water to make sure all the calcium ions and other metal ions are dissolved in the water. If they are not dissolved in the water, the indicator cannot form a complex with them and your end point will not be the true end point of the titration. This answer to the problem sounds legit to me. Conclusion We could not get useful knowledge from this experiment, since we did not succeed in the practical, and no calculations was done based on results. However, we should learn to analyze what was done wrong.

Eight Best First Chainsaws For The Beginner

Eight Best First Chainsaws For The Beginner Ive just updated a very popular article on choosing a first chainsaw. This feature was developed for a new chain saw buyer/user who is just preparing to purchase his or her first saw. I provide you with links to saw sites Ive picked to make a great first purchase. I go on the premise that most folks dont want nor need a professional woodcutters saw which could provide too much power with backbreaking weight. You can always upgrade if your jobs and tree sizes increase. Learn how to cut on a smaller dependable saw. You will be very surprised how these smaller power tools can take on larger projects in a pinch. Buying a saw too big for your needs is simply an accident waiting to happen. Use this review and try to stick with a companys 14 to 16 guide bar and a saw with not much more than 50 cubic centimeters of displacement. Chainsaw companies have developed balanced, slim, small saws with power enough for commercial arborists. These saws are also perfect for someone who does light work in the yard and on the farm. Consider my eight reviewed chainsaws for your first purchase.

Verizon Wireless Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Verizon Wireless Marketing - Case Study Example Verizon Business provides communications and information technology (IT) services to global business and government clients. Headquartered in Basking Ridge, N.J., Verizon Wireless has the largest number of retail customers in the industry and is the most profitable wireless company in the U.S. The company is a joint venture of Verizon Communications (NYSE:VZ) and Vodafone (NYSE and LSE: VOD). (Verizon Wireless, 2008) Since wireless is the way of the future, the wireless divisions of these companies is the most hotly contested, and the focus of this "Battle of the Brands." It is important to note that despite Verizon Wireless bearing solely Verizon's name, it is not owned by just them, it is a 55%-45% joint venture between Verizon and Vodafone Group (NYSE: VOD). It is also important to note that AT&T Mobility is the service formerly known as Cingular, which was acquired by AT&T in 2006 when it bought BellSouth for $86B. Verizon Wireless lives up to its tagline as "America's Most Reliable Wireless Network". By doing so, it is the only major wireless company that offers a test-drive pledge that pays calls if a customer isn't satisfied and switches to another carrier. This marketing strategy is believed to have been backed upon by a broad marketing research. Verizon Wireless have focused on strengthening its customer loyalty, making it their edge from their competitors. It is believed to have the highest customer loyalty in the industry based on lowest-in-industry churn. -- footnote Compared to AT&T which is their serious challenger in wireless network, Verizon Wireless' products are almost the same with its competitor. Thus, the need to identify an area where they can perform better. Based on marketing research conducted, in order to increase customers of an industry, you need to increase a customer's trust in your products. Launching the Verizon Wireless Test Driver's Manual is a very strategic tactic that has been very effective for the company. It definitely achieved their objective to increase their trial rate. When a product if of high quality performance, a very vital percent, if not 100%, will lead to purchase rate and will then lead to re-purchase rate of customers until customer loyalty is established. By reading the mind of their consumers, Verizon Wireless knew exactly that their products are of high quality standards, leaving a little, if not zero, room for shifting to competition. None of this will be achieved if no marketing research has been intr icately done to its market. Competitive intelligence plays a vital role in analyzing competition of AT&T and Verizon Wireless. To analyze each of the company's stregths and weaknesses is important in order to come up with strategies to counter each other's marketing points. In detail, the present market of AT&T is composed of 71 million users againt 65 million users of Verizon Wireless. Looking first at Verizon Wireless, its strategy is simple. It focuses on the strength of its network as its main selling point. From the company's "Can you hear me now" ads, to the current "It's the network" ads, the point the company conveys is that if you have Verizon, you are covered by the biggest and most reliable network. AT&T's most memorable recent ads may be Martin Scorsese "We won't interrupt your phone calls, please don't interrupt our movies" ads that play at the cinema, but the company also runs television ads that focus on "more bars in more

NOGO Railroad Case Analysys Form Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

NOGO Railroad Case Analysys Form - Essay Example Dave is wary of Allen’s intentions and is torn between making the required changes and not making those changes. However, the situation is not new to NOGO Railways as it has struggled with the same issues (highlighted later) since its inception. It is only that Dave has now been promoted to such a position where he must address the problems encountered. 2. Problem NOGO Railways faces a myriad of problems which can best be separated as surface-level problems and deeper or micro problems. At the macro level, the company faces an outdated and ill designed system of organizational policies and practices, thereby reflecting a poor HR system. This is the backbone of all other problems such as high debt and resistance to change. Owing to faulty (and biased) recruitment practices, productivity has been low and unnecessary positions have been created for the sake of compensating family and relatives. One such example is that of Fireman’s position whose only task was to take char ge of the engine in the event of assistance required by the engineer (Brown). The major problems facing Dave (and the company) are that employee expenses have been on a rise and that there was friction amongst NOGO’s employees with respect to change management. Next, it is important to analyze the micro level issues that NOGO is faced with. One of these is featherbedding which is defined as the practice of restricting output of work so as to create more jobs and reduce the chances of unemployment. Another problem pertained to the absence of a formal, structured recruitment process that objectively selected candidates with the right ‘fit’ for the job. These faulty hiring procedures gave way to favoritism. This meant that employees whom Dave worked with were related to each other in some way as spouses, children, brothers or cousins. This practice tends to create a disconnected workforce with ties based on their relations and not work. 3. Causes The presence of a u nionized workforce meant that the union acted as a resistance to any changes implemented by the management. This was clearly causing resistance to change which was one of the macro-level problems confronting NOGO. The union terms were guaranteeing complacency and minimizing worker efficiency owing to a contract that workers would get pay for 40 hours of work even if there was no availability of such work (Brown). These contract terms (as settled by the unions) meant that NOGO was covering the living expenses of their away-from-home, overtime employees as well as duplication of tasks such that clerks would have no task to carry out in the presence of telegraph operators. Furthermore, the union as well as improperly crafted contracts provided workers unnecessary cushion of refusing to do a task just because it wasn’t part of their job description. This was directly contributing to the high employee expenses which, again, was one of the major problems facing NOGO. Furthermore, t he lack of HR planning and strategy was at the backbone of a host of problems encountered by the company. For one thing, the lack of HR planning led to overstaffing leading to greater number of employees being hired than was necessary. This bred â€Å"featherbedding†. The employee contract was not designed appropriately with conditions such as prohibition of women clerks to work directly with train and radio communication personnel reducing the

The Home Depot SWOT Analysis Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Home Depot SWOT Analysis - Article Example This paper seeks to do a SWOT analysis of this giant specialty retailer by evaluating its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in order to make suggestions on how to keep the company growing and profitable. Home Depot has ensured continued success and lead in the home improvement industry due to various strengths which include: The home depot’s continued growth is as a result of continuously renewing and working on its culture aimed at producing good products, sustaining its employees and customers thus effectively maintaining its competitive edge in the retail industry. The Home Depot culture is focused on taking care of its employees by paying those modest wages and benefits, providing them with excellent and superior training and granting them opportunities for advancement. The employees are regarded as the most important people after the customers due to their role in interfacing with the customers (Marcus and Blank, 271) Home depot also provides their customers with value, loyalty and low pricing. Through the company’s focus in customer satisfaction, the company’s NPS, (Net Promoter Scores) has improved significantly allowing it to wrest a further market share from rival companies. Home Depot’s success is also attributed to its ability to form alliances with strategic partners. Through its partnerships with the industry’s leading manufactures it is able to deliver exclusive and innovative assortments such as to do-it-yourselfers and professional contractors alike, with combination of other brands like LG appliances. Home depot’s continued upgrading of its computerized systems and implementation of satellite communication increased its operational efficiency. This was evident as significant reduction in operational costs were realized thus supporting the overall growth of the company and better

Aligning Operations and SCM with Other Functional Strategies

Aligning Operations and SCM with Other Functional Strategies 1. Discuss the importance of aligning operations and SCM with other functional strategies (e.g. Design, Marketing and Finance) in creating a viable business strategy. Skinner gives us a broad picture of how we look at the business as a whole moving away from sub optimization which he has criticised it and making choices that are sensible and how will compete on the market. Skinners work introduced the importance of the concept of trade-offs and the need to align the delivery systems to what market really require therefore the sub-functional trade-off choices are strategically aligned with key manufacturing tasks. Hill come with the concept of OWC and qualifying criteria and highlights the fact that focus should be on what important to the customer and a system require a common objective and everyone on the system is focus on common objective. Rumack Pharmaceuticals is an example of marketing strategy where they produce lots of variants of that ingredient, different pills, different potions, different bottle sizes, different packages because they little way of exploiting market opportunity. The cost of manufacturing is small compare to the value of the product because of the paten and the manufacturing was bottlenecked in this situation. In this case manufacturing means to be subordinate to the opportunity of the business and the nature of the product should be supporting the market opportunity. They end up with capacity problems and long setup times as they did not understood the implications of higher variety on that capacity. Higher variety means to go either for large batches but also inventory or smaller batches and where capacity is more absorbed thru setup. Tyndall B is another example where marketing influenced where company went. Manufacturing invested a lot of effort in chair and their process choice was to go for standard high volume but the demand was more than they would coop with. So marketing made them look at case goods but case goods would not give them so much return. They were not good in manufacturing producing case goods so the profits was declining. But why they did not invested more in tables and chairs rather than spending on galleries where marketing driven to produce a full range of products causing variety to go up and profits down. They was not paying attention of what manufacturing is capable of delivering. They werent aligned. Compare to Rumack there is no paten but there is capability which can be exploited. For both companies idea of alignment strategy was to be for volume and variety. Referring to Babcock Wilcox case study they mix up trade-offs choices because what is good for high volume is not good for low v olume and choices needs to be aligned. Regarding Finance operation strategy from Skinner point of view was all about avoiding local cost and local efficiency. Focus operations on delivery, speed, price and everyone work together to align themselves. Also he argue that quite often in factories every department try to optimise local cost and efficiency which encourage push and pull thinking. Local optimisation is not aligning with the system and we can see evidence of that at Rumack Pharmaceutical where basically in manufacturing you need to be align with the strategy thats being adopted which is all introducing new products resulting in new product capacity which should not happen as will require more capacity in the system. Going for higher variety will put more pressure on capacity because of the setups. Tyndall they had really good arrangements in terms of producing tables and chair colonial style lots of demand for them but they wont exploit it because they said that there is no capacity for that so they went for case goods. Problem was that case goods was providing throughput but no revenue. They were doing everything rather then bringing throughput per bottleneck/minute. There was no alignment to improve throughput per limiting factor or to understand what constraints are and if is a market or resource constraint. Coming to Design from an operation point of view we would like standardisation. From market point of view they want customization. So product have to be standardised as much as we can and have the ability to customise later in other words to postpone it and reduce variability and introduce the buffering options as late as possible. Postponement is used to achieve customisation and efficiency within one operating system. 2 Critically discuss how developing operational excellence can support and lead a business strategy. Porter argue that operational effectiveness is not a strategy and also Lean and TOC are not strategies because they can be copied. Lean, TQM, TOC are all about managing flow in organisation with the idea of cost, push and pull. The main question is how can we improve performance and rid away of trade-offs or how can we break them. Slack et al. (2004) argue that there are five operations performance objectives: cost, quality, speed, dependability and flexibility. The law of trade-offs states that no single plant can provide high performance in all dimensions simultaneously. We would expect to find support for this law if all competitors use similar technologies and are operating near the asset frontier. If all plants are far from the asset frontier, however, one plant can simultaneously provide higher levels of product quality, flexibility, and delivery at a lower manufactured cost if, through betterment, its management approaches create an operating frontier which is superior to its competitors. The theory of performance frontiers clarifies the impacts that assets and operating practices have on competitive advantage. However, the resource-based view took this thinking a step further through positing that competitive advantage can be sustained only if the capabilities creating the advantage are supported by re sources that are not easily duplicated by competitors. Both the asset and the operating frontier can be the source of competitive advantage but they are based on resources of different nature. Armed with an understanding of a firms operating position relative to both competitors and the performance frontiers, strategic planners are better equipped to evaluate and plan manufacturing initiatives. For example, a quality improvement initiative may well be more attractive than a new technology initiative to a firm that considers itself far from its asset frontier. Can operation not just follow business strategy and lead business strategy? Hayes and Wheelwright stage 4 evidence that.In 80s quality and lean was a paradigm shift. Operation capability can actually win the orders. Porter(96) argue that Japanese dont have a strategy as they have operational effectiveness which wins on short term but actually Toyota production system is still difficult to copy on long term. Thus, the process of strategy development should be based on a sound understanding of current operational capabilities and an analysis of how these could be developed in the future. This can then provide the basis for decisions about which markets are likely to be the best in which to deploy current and future capabilities, which competitors are likely to be most vulnerable and how attacks from competitors might best be countered (Hayes et al., 2005). organization fits with the resource-based view (RBV) .toc lean etc 3 Practically evaluate the means of enabling pull (e.g. production, project and distribution) referring to the design of a specific planning and control system. Lead time requirements of the customers tend to drive the OPP towards the customer whereas product variability and demand uncertainty drive it away from customer. The more product variables, less likely it is economically sustainable to keep every variable in stock. Therefore, often large and steady volume products are kept in stock whereas products with a lot of variance are either assembled- or made-to order. Thus, companies have often multiple OPPs depending on the product characteristics. MTS method of production reduces before demand is realise or before orders come in.This are some goods or builds based on capacity or forecast which more often are greater than current demand. This is the reason that stocks are made only to be stored or sold at some future date. MTO builds according to actual demand. This system wont produce stock as all outputs are consumed or sold immediately. MTO is a pull system since every station doesnt start processing unless pull by demand or next process. Therefore we can talk about a pull line or JIT line. This is a type of MTO system in which all working stations are strictly produce according to the takt time. JIT is also known as a lean system or Kanban system. Kanban system control the flow thru a form of electronic or physical signal which tell to start producing or deliver the next part. In the case of MTO the overall approach is termed Drum Buffer Rope (DBR). Pull means small batches and we try get as required by the system. JLR is a pull system because everyone is working at the pace of the system. They relishing car or raw material into the system at the plant rate and everyone is working at the management prescribed rate called takt time. Ohno didnt had physical restriction of space but he had this rule to do something only if you have a Kanban instruction, the signal. Fords moving assembly line physical space was the control, the signal. Kanban was the idea of inventory in the system and TOC BM was another signal: what do I do next? When do I expedite? When do I interfere with the process? Ford had pretty much a lean system that why Ohno quoted from fords book. There is a more complex environment but the principles are the same. planning of stock or raw materials or finished stock in excess is a waste(ford 1926,p99).Ford understood the importance of the flow. He forced everyone to work on the same pace and had the idea of flow line. Ford was applying principles of flow to an environment where it was not so much variety. Ohno had variety and apply principles of flow thru JIT and C.I. linked to law of variability and variability buffering and theory Theory of Swift and Even Flow. He put a lot of effort in minimizing the fluctuations, stabilizing the demand and reduce variability. Ford didnt had Jidoka but he had teams which responded fast. C. I. challenged the traditional trade-offs model. Batch size reduction was the key for lean (Schronburger 1982).Right from the beginning was all about how to reduce batch quantities and setup time which is interpreted like a source of variability in the process. Batches will be reduced till will create a bottleneck again. Reducing setup times will reduce variability. Kanban represents inventory but also time and they are interrelated. In JLR they have a fast response and they doing first order which is coming compare to buffer management. In the case of MTO the overall approach is termed Drum Buffer Rope (DBR) introduced by Goldratt(1990) to reduce variation and improve activity. In the next case study SDBR was used with time being the rope and drum the market demand. The drum previously was the roasting and char grill departments which were considered constraints. In the case of Freshcut Foods when it was to manage the flow they was releasing work in the system to early and cause quality issues and wastages. They had late demands but they were uncertain if they have the capacity to produce. So they needed a system to tell them if they have capacity to take the orders. Finally a system which can tell them how to prioritise what they should produce next and when to release the working to the system was put in practice. If is in the red zone they need to expedite if the red zone is growing means that they have a problem and they need to escalate it.. So Kanban is like an automatic system where everyone knows how to use it. 4 Critically evaluate the circumstances best suited to Kanban and Buffer Management pull systems. Benton (2014, 2) describe that the main objective of manufacturing planning and control function: is to ensure that the desired products are manufactured at the right time, in the right quantities, and meeting quality specifications in the most cost-effective manner. To illustrate the significance of BM in TOC, the functions of BM in TOC is compared with Kanban in TPS. Firstly, both BM and Kanban prioritise work orders albeit with different assumptions and mechanisms. For Kanban, there is a pre-planned quantity or WIP in buffers designed in between every work center. In addition, there is also a specific routing sequences or dedicated production line required for each product, which results in rigidity in responding to market requirements. In BM however, the priority of work is triggered by the percentage buffer penetration of completion time. As it is time-based, it allows each work center to have flexibility to react (or catch-up with time) to disruptions when Murphy strikes. Other than the function of prioritisation, both BM and Kanban have their own mechanism to monitor and control their production throughput. In Kanban, the deployment of distributed buffers in between work centers enables problems to be immediately surfaced and dealt without passing the problem to the subsequent work centers (Ohno, 1989:30). In TOC, aggregated buffer is deployed and thus has a certain delay as problems are only escalated and expedited for attention after entering into the Red zone of BM. However, as highlighted by Stratton and Knight (2010), though Kanban is more sensitive, the problems highlighted are mainly related to quality and process, whereas in BM, it also includes issues such as product volume and mix changes. In spite of these differences, both BM and Kanban advocates continuous improvement. This is seen in the final steps of both TPS: Pursue Perfection (Womack and Jones, 1996:90) and TOC: not to allow inertia to cause a systems constraint (Goldratt and Cox, 2004:307). In Kanban, continuous improvement is encouraged through reducing inventory to expose problems which then can be targeted; whereas in BM, causes of delay (Red zone penetration) are being targeted. 5. Critically evaluate the use of MTA and dynamic buffer management as a means of practically enabling a pull distribution system. VMI say communicate demand and stock levels thru the system and replenish them on the regular basis. Replenish on the stock target MTA is similar with VMI but give a priority code in terms of buffer penetration. DBM is less common as the buffer status signals whether the target level is too large or too small and this can be used to signal automatic adjustments. By monitoring how we are performing in terms of green,yellow and red we can determine whether we need to increase or decrease the stock target For example if we are in the green zone reduce stock target and if is in the red zone increase the stock target. It is the means of getting the system to work at the pace of the consumption where drum is the consumer so is signalling down to distribution system what we need to replenish and how fast which resulting in an idea of pull. In the case of Frozen Meals they replenish based on consumption on the 3rd party distributer so is very straight forward till the stock time. MTA will say if there are multiple orders in the system will give an indication what the priority is. If the consumption was high and replenishing the full quantity in the distribution depot will be less stock. This stock will have to be replenish very quickly so VMI will communicate consumption across the whole supply normally replenishing it within a day or couple of days. So all the demand in the distribution depot will go in the red zone. So VMI says communicate demand and stock level always thru the system and replenishing to the stock target. The problem come when Frozen Meals tried to replenish and couldnt because the warehouse was full. Analysing demands and orders there is obviously that demands are pretty stable and orders are more volatile in demand represented by the consumption of consumer in Weatherspoon. This difference was caused by 3rd party distributer which has his own warehouse and has more stock that he needed and fluctuating and planning orders ad hoc. Because placing order in ad hoc manors caused Frozen Meals to ask for 7 days delay of supply. The ordering system from 3rd party distributer was ad hoc. There was a stock target so why not just replenish this stock automatically communicate down the supply chain whats required. The solution was to go for VMI rather than 3rd party distributer placing orders on Frozen Meals. A pull system was created when the supplier is responsible for maintaining agreed target stock levels. 6 Discuss the strategic importance of postponement through configuration, packaging and distribution, making reference to the concept of an Order Penetration Point (OPP). In the first part I was discussing about focus factory and separating different orders. This can be also separate by postponing which means that will be 2 strategies. one at the first part of the supply chain which is looking to stabilise and standardise and a different strategy at the later stages with a decupling point. How can we design the supply chain to postpone the impact of variation and uncertainty? This can be done in the manufacturing process but distribution side as well. Skinner strategy is about how we take the system perspective and how we meet the needs of the market reducing variability in the process. With TQM the reason why ends up with variability in the process is that no-one consider how to reduce variation. This is what SPC done: to focus on variation which will bring the cost down. Unless will do that then the variability tend to be there which make the trade-off choices about quality and cost. So all of them are about reducing variability. Agility is about dealing with demand uncertainty and demand variability. Stability is associated with lean and uncertainty demand with agility. This table is similar with line vs jobbing looking for two extremes such as delivery speed and low cost. Skinner will argue that this should be two different factories because the owc are different Fisher model talking in the idea of Skinner operation trade-offs in terms of a supply chain. If we have variability in demand we need to buffer like any variation. The ideal efficient model will have flow, minimum variation in demand and process, minimum buffering. In contrast the responsive model demand varies and also product changes in the same time and we got demand uncertainty and we ll buffer with inventory capacity. Talking about lean and agile supply viewed in terms of dependency, fluctuation, buffer capacity and buffer inventory we can refer to law of variability, law of variability buffering, law of variability pooling. Talking about service it represents the customer input which can be put on MTS which can be a date, a forecast. MTA say that the priority of the order all depends on what stock level is, if the stock level goes down rapidly the priority goes up, if the stock level is not priority (demand is low) the priority goes down. In Lego case they was doing bad because they grow over the years resulting in too much variety as increasing number of elements, to many colours and they diversified to do other things(low of focus) As a start-up they cut the number of colours and elements (no elements to be unique to one product stated by the law of variability pooling).In manufacturing they segmented some of the machines as all machines should be able to do everything. They organised and streamlined how they going to manufacture elements. They rationalized the suppliers which is a lean thing. The distribution changed to a pull system and the they supply to one distribution centre in Europe in 3-4 days which is consider closer to the customer. In terms of packaging machines and capacity. By reducing the range of colours and elements setup process variability all this helped to reduce variation and uncertainty. Buffering packaging they postponed rather than holding stock in packets they opted for a centralized distribution centre and more frequent distributions. All this system was about flow. Production is lean if is accomplished with minimal waste due to unneeded operations, inefficient operations, or excessive buffering in operations. Production is agile if it efficiently changes operating states in response to uncertain and changing demands placed upon it ( Narasimban et al..,2006) References Benton, W. C. Jr. 2014. Supply Chain Focused Manufacturing Planning and Control. Stamford, Connecticut: Cengage Learning

Problems Of Modernization In Developing Nations Essays -- essays resea

Problems of Modernization in Developing Nations The economic situation which exists in the developing world today, is the result of the relationship between the modern, and developing nations of the world. Modernized nations benefited from this relationship because it gave them access to natural resources. However, because of this relationship, many developing nations now suffer from severe problems. These nations are attempting to change the situation in which they struggle. A political cartoon I have recently seen illustrated the economic relationship between the industrialized world and the developing world. It shows that the industrial nations, The United States and Europe, are located in the northern hemisphere. On the other hand most of the developing world, Central and South America and Africa, are found in the southern hemisphere. The "well fed", well dressed individual holding the industrialized world indicates that the modernized nations of the world are prosperous, and have a high standard of living. The skinny, poorly dressed individual holding the developing world indicates that the developing nations of the world are not prosperous, and have a lower standard of living than do industrialized nations. Both individuals are supporting each other in such a way that if one is removed, the other will fall. Without resources to use, industry would not be able to maintain its existence. Likewise, without a market for their resources, or the products of indus...

Mexico’s largest cement manufacturer

Cemex, has become a global powerhouse In the cement and construction Industry. It currently controls 60 percent of the cement industry in Mexico (Hill 2009). Cemexs success is a result of a combination of efficient technology such as radio transmitters, satellites, and computer hardware that allow the company to anticipate changes in supply and demand and reduce waste. Cemex's success is also a result of an attempt to dominate the industry by acquiring and buying out competitors worldwide In order to expand. . Which heoretical explanation, or explanations, of FDI best explains Cemex's FDI? I believe that Internalization theory best explains Cemex's FDI because Cemex has taken the initiative to enter into many countries and instead of licensing; they bought domestic cement businesses and have grown into a worldwide powerhouse. According to the textbook, internalization theory explains why firms often prefer foreign direct investment over licensing as a strategy for entering foreign ma rkets (Hill 2009).With the advanced technology that Cemex uses, so licensing would not be the greatest venue for the company to take In order to protect It's â€Å"technological know-how' (Hill 2009). b. What Is the value that Cemex brings to the host economy? Can you see any potential drawbacks of inward investment by Cemex in an economy? Cemex is the third largest cement company in the world, and a powerhouse in Mexico where it controls 60 percent of the market. Cemex is highly focused on efficient manufacturing and customer service. Distributors are rewarded for their sales, as are users.The primary benefit Cemex brings to host countries Involves these competltlve advantages. Cemex acquires companies and then transfers technological, management, and marketing know-how to the new units. Improving their performance. The company has brought several acquired companies back to full production, increasing employment opportunities in the host country as well. c. Cemex has a strong pref erence for acquisitions over greenfield ventures as an entry mode. Why? Cemex has successfully acquired established cement makers in many countries.By acquiring companies rather than establishing them from the ground up, Cemex can avoid some of the delays that could occur in the start-up phase, while t the same time, capitalize on the benefits of an established market presence. Acquiring other businesses is effective because the host economy already knows the demographics and the market. Cemex would be able to make the business better with their technology and research. A Greenfield venture would be risky and not cost effective. d. Why is majority control so important to Cemex?Majority control is important to Cemex because of the ability to Implement its policy of transferring resources. When It does not have majority control It may not be able to transfer its own managing resources to newly acquired companies. Also, Cemex ight want to take advantage of differences in factor costs a cross countries, so it will be allowed to import parts from other places to reduce costs. References Hill, C. W. L. , Richardson, T. , ; McKaig, T. (2009). Global business today. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson.BUSN 427 WEEK 3 Case study By Jihadmalley Mexico's largest cement manufacturer, Cemex, has become a global powerhouse in the cement and construction industry. It currently controls 60 percent of the cement industry in Mexico (Hill 2009). Cemex's success is a result of a combination of acquiring and buying out competitors worldwide in order to expand. a. Which hat internalization theory best explains Cemex's FDI because Cemex has taken the avenue for the company to take in order to protect it's â€Å"technological know-how' (Hill 2009). . What is the value that Cemex brings to the host economy? Can you see any are users. The primary benefit Cemex brings to host countries involves these competitive advantages. Cemex acquires companies and then transfers technological, management, and marketing know-how to the new units, improving Majority control is important to Cemex because of the ability to implement its policy of transferring resources. When it does not have majority control it may not be able

Understanding Division Of Labor

Understanding Division Of Labor Division of labor refers to the range of tasks within a social system. This can vary from everyone doing the same thing to each person having a specialized role. It is theorized that humans have divided labor since as far back as our time as hunters and gatherers  when tasks were divided based mainly on age and gender.  Division of labor became an important part of society after the Agricultural Revolution when humans had a food surplus for the first time. When humans werent spending all of their time acquiring food they were allowed to specialize and perform other tasks. During the Industrial Revolution, labor that was once specialized was broken down for the assembly line. However, the assembly line itself can also be seen as a division of labor.   Theories About Division of Labor   Adam Smith, a Scottish social philosopher and economist, theorized that humans practicing division of labor allows humans to be more productive and excel faster. Emile Durkheim, a French scholar in the 1700s, theorized  that specialization was a way for people to compete in larger societies. Criticisms of Gendered Divisions of Labor Historically, labor, whether inside the home or outside of it, was highly gendered. It was thought that tasks were meant for either men or women, and that doing the work of the opposite gender went against nature. Women were thought to be more nurturing and therefore jobs which required  caring for others, like nursing or teaching, were held by women. Men were seen as stronger and given more physically  demanding jobs. This kind of labor divide was oppressive to both men and women in different ways. Men were assumed incapable of tasks like raising children and women had little economic freedom. While lower class women generally always had to have jobs the same as their husbands in order to survive, middle-class and upper-class women were not allowed to work outside the home. It wasnt until WWII that American women were encouraged to work outside the home. When the war ended, women didnt want to leave the workforce. Women liked being independent,  many of them also enjoyed their jobs far more than household chores. Unfortunately for those women who liked working more than chores, even now that its normal for men and women in relationships to both work outside the home, the lion share of household  chores are still performed by women. Men are still viewed by many to be the less capable parent. Men who are interested in jobs like preschool teacher are often viewed with suspicion because of how American society still genders labor. Whether its women being expected to hold down a job and clean the house or men being seen as the less important parent, each is an example of how sexism in the  division of labor hurts everyone.

Ethical Issues in an Organization- Bribery Essays

Ethical Issues in an Organization- Bribery Essays Ethical Issues in an Organization- Bribery Essay Ethical Issues in an Organization- Bribery Essay Ethical Issues – Bribery In this paper on ethical issues, I will be presenting my perspective on the issue of Bribery in doing business. I will be summarizing three distinct articles from different sources, namely, Harvard Business Review, Bloomberg Businessweek and The Wall Street Journal, respectively. Later in this paper, I will provide some insight on how this aspect of corruption could potentially affect my business project for this course. The three articles that I have used in this paper are varied in their content. I have tried to use each article to portray an example of a potential bribe, the thin lines of definition for bribery, and how there are laws existing in this country to prevent the occurrence of bribery in doing business. The Harvard Business Review, for a brief time handled a forum in its blog titled ‘Good Decisions’ and in which I came across an article where an IT consultant wants to know if the sales commission that he was offered from a vendor he selected for a client is legitimate. This example is important because the vendor has already benefited from an impartial selection process that consultant did for his client. The controller of this forum, Clinton Krover lists out three reasons why it may not be right for the consultant to accept the ‘Commission’. As he points out, legally, the consultant represents his employer and so any ‘commission’ actually belongs to his employer and not him personally. It is another thing that the ‘commission’ itself may â€Å"violate bribery and kickback laws† notwithstanding the fact that the consultant may also violate his contractual obligations to his employers by a potential acceptance of the ‘commission’. The more obvious judgment with relation to this paper is with regards to ethics. An acceptance of the ‘commission’ would mean that the consultant would keep this vendor in his good books for future selection processes for his clients. Mr. Clinton provides an easy self questioning test to satisfy ethical guidelines with questions on how you may feel if â€Å"your employer and client found out about your commission? † and if one is â€Å"willing to ask your employer and client upfront if they object to you taking it? The author also points out the prudential reasons wherein the concerned person is at risk of a conflict of interest for indulging in such an act. Overall, it shows that bribery, in its forms of kickbacks or commissions can jeopardize an individual or a firm’s reputation and damage its business. In my next article in study from Bloomberg Businessweek, the author stresses on the need for a global standard on ethical practices and denounces the use of â€Å"Situation Ethics† in dealing with businesses abroad where standards of ethics in business are different than in the US. The author mentions the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) which makes it unlawful for American firms to indulge in bribery or kickbacks or any form of payment to secure or retain a business abroad. While American multinationals complain of losing competition to companies from other countries, maintenance of such ethical standards is required across all fronts in all parts of the world. The author lists out a few repercussions due to failure of maintaining such standards globally. As stated above, the reputation of a company is at stake each time an employee of the company or its subsidiary involves in corruption to win contracts abroad. The examples of Siemens and BAE systems is shocking and yet, as the author says, something company executives do not shy from to win large contracts. The author also stresses on the need for the CEO to fully spread through his chain of command, the importance of engaging in corruption free practices everywhere in the world. I see the need because an employee in a remote subsidiary abroad may not be aware of the strictness of the guidelines by which his company operates and a mistake by him costs the entire company a lot in reputation and in fines imposed by institutions of justice. As in the course textbook â€Å"10 day MBA†, wherein the author discourages the view of Milton Friedman’s â€Å"Businesses are in the business of maximizing shareholder’s value†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and that â€Å"Corporations pay the taxes that supports government’s social action†, this author also stresses on the importance of ethical business practice before a crude capitalistic view of profit making at any cost. In fact, the author endorses the idea that â€Å"good ethics create shareholder value†. My third article, from the Wall Street Journal showcases the stringent rules surrounding the conduct of businesses abroad enforced by the US Dept. of Justice. And while this article focuses on the foreign business aspect of corporations, I wanted to bring this up because of the nature of the bribes that involves â€Å"lavish dinners† and â€Å"holiday gifts† that also come under corrupt practices. The penalties imposed upon corporations regardless of their nationality, so long as they are registered in the US stock markets is also something that educates. The repercussion, beyond the multimillion dollar fines, is the loss of reputations and even the stepping down of CEO and board members because of the shareholder backlash because of such events. In conclusion, these articles do not differ on their opinion that bribery and similar corrupt acts demolish the reputation of an individual or a firm, and the reuslting loss of trust and business in the future. They do not differ in their examples from a legal microscope. Where they may differ is in their geographies but never in their belief in good ethical practices. And while foreign corrupt practices do not affect my business, the possibility of bribe in a business such is mine is highly possible because of our efforts to obtain customers to sell low cost authentic food to corporate workforce. Even to the extent of obtaining favoritism within corporations for marketing our services. It may also come in the form of biased contracts for our resources such as vegetables, meat and grains. These are the two major areas where I see a possibility of bribery as a corrupt act. The importance of ethics in business practices notwithstanding, I would like to quote from the first article â€Å"we judge ourselves by our motivations, but we judge others by their actions†. I would like to have my business be judged solely in terms of its quality of service and value. Abirami Rajendran [emailprotected] edu [ 1 ]. http://blogs. hbr. org/korver/2008/10/sales-commission-or-bribe-1. html [ 2 ]. businessweek. com/managing/content/feb2008/ca20080212_394828. htm? chan=careers_managing+index+page_top+stories [ 3 ]. http://online. wsj. com/article/SB124329477230952689. html